Experian AutoCheck Report

Report run: 12/03/2024 14:34:06 EST
Owners - 3
Number of Owners
Vehicle Usage
Fleet, Lease
AutoCheck Score
Autocheck score dial
76
79
89
AutoCheck Score

Similar vehicles usually range between 79 and 89

Vehicle History at a Glance
vhg-title-brand-issue-found

State Title Brand

Salvage

auction brand icon

Auction Brand / Issues

Major Damage Reported

vhg-accident-damage-issue-found

Accident / Damage

Damage Reported

recall check icon

Open Recall Check

vhg-insurance-loss-title-issue-found

Insurance Loss / Transfer

vhg-odometer-check-no-issue

Odometer Check

Last reported odometer:
75,150 (11/23/2024)

cpo icon

Certified Pre-Owned

service repair icon

Service / Repair

vhg-additional-history-issue-found

Additional History

Lien Reported, Duplicate Title

vhg-title-brand-issue-found

This vehicle is not eligible for Buyback Protection

Due to the vehicle’s history showing no reported major state title brands. Terms & Conditions
damage icon Accident & DamageBack To Top
accident-car-outline poipoipoipoi
accident-airbag-deployed-off Airbag Deployed
accident-structural-damage-off Structural Damage
accident-overturned-off Overturned
accident-severe-on Moderate
Damage Date Damage Type Severity
05/03/2022 Collision Moderate
08/29/2023 Salvage Unknown

Not all accidents and/or damage events are reported to Experian. Inspection by a third party prior to purchase is recommended. See Detailed Vehicle History for more information regarding accident/damage events.

Open Safety Recall Open Recall CheckBack To Top
More Information
Information Reported: AutoCheck found 2 open recall(s).
It is recommended that this vehicle be taken to the nearest dealer to have the recalled components replaced or fixed. Service bulletins if available are not part of open recalls and can be found in the vehicle history details.
Recall Date
Recall Type
NHTSA / OEM Recall No.
Campaign Description
03/13/2023
Safety
23V162 / 23S12
Safety Recall: FRONT BRAKE FLEXIBLE HOSE REPLACEMENT
Status: Remedy Not Available
01/02/2024
Safety
23V162 / 23S12
Safety Recall: FRONT BRAKE FLEXIBLE HOSE REPLACEMENT
Status: Remedy Unknown

Recall Date - 03/13/2023

Recall Type - Safety

NHTSA / OEM Recall No. - 23V162 / 23S12

Campaign Description - Safety Recall: FRONT BRAKE FLEXIBLE HOSE REPLACEMENT
Status: Remedy Not Available

Recall Date - 01/02/2024

Recall Type - Safety

NHTSA / OEM Recall No. - 23V162 / 23S12

Campaign Description - Safety Recall: FRONT BRAKE FLEXIBLE HOSE REPLACEMENT
Status: Remedy Unknown

Odometer Dial Odometer CheckBack To Top
icon-success-pass
Your Vehicle Checks Out
No odometer brands, rollbacks, rollover or tampering has been reported to AutoCheck from state Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or auction sources. AutoCheck also examined the sequence of reported odometer readings to determine if there are any potential discrepancies.
icon-success-pass
State Title Odometer Check

No issues reported

icon-success-pass
Auction Odometer Check

No issues reported

icon-success-pass
Odometer Calculation Check

No issues reported

Detailed Vehicle History Icon Detailed Vehicle History Back To Top
Below are the historical events for this vehicle listed in chronological order.
Vehicle: 2017 Ford Fusion SE (3FA6P0H74HR235364) Report Run Date: 12/03/2024 14:34:06 EST
 
 
2016
 
 
Preparation Date: 11/2016
Event Date Location Odometer Data Source Details
11/01/2016 Independent Source Vehicle Manufactured and Shipped to Dealer
 
 
2016
 
 
Location: PA
Owned From: 12/2016
Usage: Fleet, Lease
Event Date Location Odometer Data Source Details
12/12/2016 PA 5 Motor Vehicle Dept. Title(Leased Vehicle)
Registration Event/Renewal(Leased Vehicle)
09/29/2017 SPRINGFIELD, PA Motor Vehicle Dept. Registration Event/Renewal(Leased Vehicle)
04/20/2018 PA 16,804 Auto Auction Reported at Auto Auction
04/23/2018 PA 16,804 Auto Auction Auction Announced as Fleet/Lease(COLOR REPORTED AS GOLD)
05/25/2018 Manufacturer Manufacturer Service Bulletin
Mfr. Recall 18L02
Label/Literature Program: CALIFORNIA EMISSION WARRANTY PARTS COVERAGE
LOCATE YOUR NEAREST AUTHORIZED
FORD DEALER TO SCHEDULE REPAIR.
Status: Remedy Unknown
 
 
2019
 
 
Location: NJ
Owned From: 01/2019
Usage: Personal
Event Date Location Odometer Data Source Details
01/02/2019 CLEMENTON, NJ 16,804 Motor Vehicle Dept. Title(Lien Reported)
01/03/2019 CLEMENTON, NJ Motor Vehicle Dept. Registration Event/Renewal
03/03/2021 CLEMENTON, NJ Motor Vehicle Dept. Registration Event/Renewal
05/03/2022 WASHINGTON, NJ State Agency Right Front Impact with Another Vehicle(Case #:2022020964)
Vehicle Damage Reported as Disabling
Collision with Another Vehicle
Accident Reported(Report #:2022020964)
Vehicle Was Towed
dvh-timeline-icon-accident-orange.svg
05/09/2022 CLEMENTON, NJ Motor Vehicle Dept. Title(Lien Reported)
Duplicate Title(Lien Reported)
05/16/2022 SEWELL, NJ 57,070 Motor Vehicle Dept. Title(Lien Reported)
 
 
2022
 
 
Location: NJ
Owned From: 05/2022
Usage: Personal
Event Date Location Odometer Data Source Details
05/17/2022 GLASSBORO, NJ Motor Vehicle Dept. Title(Lien Reported)
05/17/2022 SEWELL, NJ Damage Report Accident or Damage Reported
Moderate Damage Reported
Left Side Damage or Repair Reported
Right Side Damage or Repair Reported
Front Damage or Repair Reported
Damage or Repair to Bumper Reported
Damage or Repair to Hood Reported
Damage or Repair to Radiator Reported
Damage or Repair to Grille Reported
Damage or Repair to Fender Reported
06/03/2022 GLASSBORO, NJ Motor Vehicle Dept. Registration Event/Renewal
08/29/2023 PA Auto Auction Auction Announced as Salvage, Extent of Damage Unknown dvh-timeline-icon-accident-orange.svg
08/30/2023 PA 74,780 Auto Auction Reported at Auto Auction
08/31/2023 BRIDGEPORT, PA Dealer Listing Vehicle Listed for Sale
11/15/2023 PA Motor Vehicle Dept. Title
Salvage
dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg
12/16/2023 PLYMOUTH MEETING, PA Motor Vehicle Dept. Title
Registration Event/Renewal
Salvage
Vehicle Titled/Registered to an Insurance Company
dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg
01/02/2024 Manufacturer Manufacturer Service Bulletin
NHTSA Recall 23V162 / Mfr. Recall 18L02
Label/Literature Program: CALIFORNIA EMISSION WARRANTY PARTS COVERAGE
LOCATE YOUR NEAREST AUTHORIZED
FORD DEALER TO SCHEDULE REPAIR.
Status: Remedy Unknown
02/12/2024 HARRISBURG, SD 74,780 Motor Vehicle Dept. Title
Salvage
Insurance Loss
dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg
07/15/2024 SIOUX FALLS, SD Motor Vehicle Dept. Title
Salvage
Insurance Loss
dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg
11/23/2024 DELL RAPIDS, SD 75,150 Dealer Listing Vehicle in Dealer Inventory
 
2016
 
 
 

Preparation Date: 11/2016

Event Date - 11/01/2016

Location -

Data Source - Independent Source

Details - Vehicle Manufactured and Shipped to Dealer

 
 
 
2016
 
 
 

Location: PA
Owned From: 12/2016
Usage: Fleet,Lease

Event Date - 12/12/2016

Location - PA

Odometer - 5

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title(Leased Vehicle)
Registration Event/Renewal(Leased Vehicle)

Event Date - 09/29/2017

Location - SPRINGFIELD, PA

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Registration Event/Renewal(Leased Vehicle)

Event Date - 04/20/2018

Location - PA

Odometer - 16,804

Data Source - Auto Auction

Details - Reported at Auto Auction

Event Date - 04/23/2018

Location - PA

Odometer - 16,804

Data Source - Auto Auction

Details - Auction Announced as Fleet/Lease(COLOR REPORTED AS GOLD)

Event Date - 05/25/2018

Location -

Data Source - Manufacturer

Details - Manufacturer Service Bulletin
Mfr. Recall 18L02
Label/Literature Program: CALIFORNIA EMISSION WARRANTY PARTS COVERAGE
LOCATE YOUR NEAREST AUTHORIZED
FORD DEALER TO SCHEDULE REPAIR.
Status: Remedy Unknown

 
 
 
2019
 
 
 

Location: NJ
Owned From: 01/2019
Usage: Personal

Event Date - 01/02/2019

Location - CLEMENTON, NJ

Odometer - 16,804

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title(Lien Reported)

Event Date - 01/03/2019

Location - CLEMENTON, NJ

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Registration Event/Renewal

Event Date - 03/03/2021

Location - CLEMENTON, NJ

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Registration Event/Renewal

Event Date - 05/03/2022 dvh-timeline-icon-accident-orange.svg

Location - WASHINGTON, NJ

Data Source - State Agency

Details - Right Front Impact with Another Vehicle(Case #:2022020964)
Vehicle Damage Reported as Disabling
Collision with Another Vehicle
Accident Reported(Report #:2022020964)
Vehicle Was Towed

Event Date - 05/09/2022

Location - CLEMENTON, NJ

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title(Lien Reported)
Duplicate Title(Lien Reported)

Event Date - 05/16/2022

Location - SEWELL, NJ

Odometer - 57,070

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title(Lien Reported)

 
 
 
2022
 
 
 

Location: NJ
Owned From: 05/2022
Usage: Personal

Event Date - 05/17/2022

Location - GLASSBORO, NJ

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title(Lien Reported)

Event Date - 05/17/2022

Location - SEWELL, NJ

Data Source - Damage Report

Details - Accident or Damage Reported
Moderate Damage Reported
Left Side Damage or Repair Reported
Right Side Damage or Repair Reported
Front Damage or Repair Reported
Damage or Repair to Bumper Reported
Damage or Repair to Hood Reported
Damage or Repair to Radiator Reported
Damage or Repair to Grille Reported
Damage or Repair to Fender Reported

Event Date - 06/03/2022

Location - GLASSBORO, NJ

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Registration Event/Renewal

Event Date - 08/29/2023 dvh-timeline-icon-accident-orange.svg

Location - PA

Data Source - Auto Auction

Details - Auction Announced as Salvage, Extent of Damage Unknown

Event Date - 08/30/2023

Location - PA

Odometer - 74,780

Data Source - Auto Auction

Details - Reported at Auto Auction

Event Date - 08/31/2023

Location - BRIDGEPORT, PA

Data Source - Dealer Listing

Details - Vehicle Listed for Sale

Event Date - 11/15/2023 dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg

Location - PA

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title
Salvage

Event Date - 12/16/2023 dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg

Location - PLYMOUTH MEETING, PA

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title
Registration Event/Renewal
Salvage
Vehicle Titled/Registered to an Insurance Company

Event Date - 01/02/2024

Location -

Data Source - Manufacturer

Details - Manufacturer Service Bulletin
NHTSA Recall 23V162 / Mfr. Recall 18L02
Label/Literature Program: CALIFORNIA EMISSION WARRANTY PARTS COVERAGE
LOCATE YOUR NEAREST AUTHORIZED
FORD DEALER TO SCHEDULE REPAIR.
Status: Remedy Unknown

Event Date - 02/12/2024 dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg

Location - HARRISBURG, SD

Odometer - 74,780

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title
Salvage
Insurance Loss

Event Date - 07/15/2024 dvh-timeline-icon-title-brand-red.svg

Location - SIOUX FALLS, SD

Data Source - Motor Vehicle Dept.

Details - Title
Salvage
Insurance Loss

Event Date - 11/23/2024

Location - DELL RAPIDS, SD

Odometer - 75,150

Data Source - Dealer Listing

Details - Vehicle in Dealer Inventory

This Vehicle's GlossaryBack To Top

More information is available in the full AutoCheck glossary.

Term
Section Location
Definition
State Title Brand
Vehicle History at a Glance
A "branded title" is an official designation assigned by a state agency to associate a particular history with a vehicle. The branding system was put in place to warn potential owners about damage or other alterations to a vehicle that they might otherwise have been unaware of. The brands checked in this section are Fire, Hail, Flood, Junk/Scrapped, Lemon, Salvage, Rebuilt/Rebuildable, Odometer Brands (not actual miles, broken odometer, exceeding mechanical limits, mileage discrepancy, or suspect miles). Please note Grey Market and Insurance Loss or Theft brands are not checked in this box and can be found on other corresponding boxes.
Auction Issue
Vehicle History at a Glance
This section summarizes any issues if reported such as damage condition from seller's disclosure or during the inspection process including required structural damage disclosure, title brands, odometer issues, etc. as outlined by the 2023 National Auto Auction Association Policy.
Accident/Damage Check
Vehicle History at a Glance
This section summarizes vehicle history events that may indicate an accident or damage and associated details such as point of impact, severity or airbag deployed if provided. These damage events will include collision damage information, police-reported accidents, salvage auction, recycler records, crash test vehicles, collision damage claims etc. including our exclusive auction announcements from two major auctions that may include damage events. There is also a clearly delineated section that includes non-collision damage events such as fire, hail or flood. Damage-indicated title brands will be in the state title brands section.
Insurance Loss/Title Transfer
Vehicle History at a Glance
This box checked to see if there is an insurance total loss or if a title has been transferred to an insurance company name as that event usually signifies that it is a total loss when showing after an accident.
Additional History
Vehicle History at a Glance
This section lists any other significant events that may not be a damage event or brand, but does give additional insights of the vehicle's history. These include abandoned, grey market, lien check, repossessed, theft etc.
Odometer Check
Vehicle History at a Glance
This section verifies if there are rollbacks, rollover or tampering has been reported to AutoCheck from state Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or auction sources. AutoCheck also examined the sequence of reported odometer readings to determine if there are any potential discrepancies.
Open Recall Check
Vehicle History at a Glance
This section lists any open safety or emission recalls on the vehicle that may need to be fulfilled.
Salvage
State Title Brand
A salvage vehicle is a vehicle that has been wrecked or damaged beyond repair; declared a total loss by the insurer; or declared a total loss by reason of theft. When an insurance company as a result of a total loss settlement acquires a vehicle, the insurance company must apply for a Salvage Certificate. If the owner retains possession of a salvage vehicle, the owner must obtain a Salvage Certificate before receiving a total loss statement from the insurance company.
Major Damage Incident
Auction Issue
When a (i) State agency or third party reported an event that did or may have resulted in vehicle frame or mechanical damage, such as a collision or incident such as vandalism or theft, or (ii) a third party reported that an inspection indicates that a vehicle appears to have sustained frame or other damage. Not all damage events are reported to AutoCheck and the damage severity of reported events will vary. In all events AutoCheck recommends that prospective vehicle purchasers conduct a detailed vehicle inspection prior to purchase of a pre-owned vehicle.
Insurance Total Loss
Insurance Loss / Transfer
Insurance companies label a vehicle a "total loss" when the cost to repair the vehicle to its pre-damaged state exceeds the cost of the vehicle's worth, or actual cash value. Insurance companies must follow certain state law (defined percentage of damage before it can be deemed a total loss) and they also can set their own standards for totaled vehicles.
Insurance Title Transfer
Insurance Loss / Transfer
The vehicle's title has an insurance company as the listed owner. This usually signifies that it is probably an insurance total loss when showing after an accident or collision. Insurance companies label a vehicle a 'total loss' when the cost to repair the vehicle to its pre-damaged state exceeds the cost of the vehicle's worth, or actual cash value. Insurance companies must follow certain state law (defined percentage of damage before it can be deemed a total loss) and they also can set their own standards for totaled vehicles.
Loan/Lien
Additional History
A loan/lien is the legal right to take and hold or sell the vehicle of a debtor as security or payment for a debt. Normally, a vehicle will have a lien due to a loan or unpaid repair bill against the vehicle. Check with the seller to ensure that the lien has been satisfied.
Duplicate Title
Additional History
The vehicle had a duplicate title issued by the DMV.
Fleet Use
Owner Type
The vehicle has been reported as used as a fleet vehicle, by a state source or a wholesale Auto Auction has reported the vehicle as a fleet vehicle. Fleet vehicles are often in good condition. Fleet companies have vehicle care guidelines. A vehicle used by a company for an executive is an example of a fleet vehicle.
Lease Use
Owner Type
Vehicle was registered as lease vehicle.
Accident
Accident / Damage
A state or municipality has reported an accident or collision for this vehicle that may or may not have sustained damage. Not all damage events are reported to AutoCheck and the damage severity of reported events will vary. In all events AutoCheck recommends that prospective vehicle purchasers conduct a detailed vehicle inspection prior to purchase of a pre-owned vehicle.
Open Recall
Open Recall Check
A recall is considered 'open' for a vehicle when it has not received the required service to correct the identified recall. The vehicle will need to be taken to a repair center that has been authorized by the manufacturer to correct any open recall conditions.

Term - State Title Brand

Section Location - Vehicle History at a Glance

Definition - A "branded title" is an official designation assigned by a state agency to associate a particular history with a vehicle. The branding system was put in place to warn potential owners about damage or other alterations to a vehicle that they might otherwise have been unaware of. The brands checked in this section are Fire, Hail, Flood, Junk/Scrapped, Lemon, Salvage, Rebuilt/Rebuildable, Odometer Brands (not actual miles, broken odometer, exceeding mechanical limits, mileage discrepancy, or suspect miles). Please note Grey Market and Insurance Loss or Theft brands are not checked in this box and can be found on other corresponding boxes.

Term - Auction Issue

Section Location - Vehicle History at a Glance

Definition - This section summarizes any issues if reported such as damage condition from seller's disclosure or during the inspection process including required structural damage disclosure, title brands, odometer issues, etc. as outlined by the 2023 National Auto Auction Association Policy.

Term - Accident/Damage Check

Section Location - Vehicle History at a Glance

Definition - This section summarizes vehicle history events that may indicate an accident or damage and associated details such as point of impact, severity or airbag deployed if provided. These damage events will include collision damage information, police-reported accidents, salvage auction, recycler records, crash test vehicles, collision damage claims etc. including our exclusive auction announcements from two major auctions that may include damage events. There is also a clearly delineated section that includes non-collision damage events such as fire, hail or flood. Damage-indicated title brands will be in the state title brands section.

Term - Insurance Loss/Title Transfer

Section Location - Vehicle History at a Glance

Definition - This box checked to see if there is an insurance total loss or if a title has been transferred to an insurance company name as that event usually signifies that it is a total loss when showing after an accident.

Term - Additional History

Section Location - Vehicle History at a Glance

Definition - This section lists any other significant events that may not be a damage event or brand, but does give additional insights of the vehicle's history. These include abandoned, grey market, lien check, repossessed, theft etc.

Term - Odometer Check

Section Location - Vehicle History at a Glance

Definition - This section verifies if there are rollbacks, rollover or tampering has been reported to AutoCheck from state Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or auction sources. AutoCheck also examined the sequence of reported odometer readings to determine if there are any potential discrepancies.

Term - Open Recall Check

Section Location - Vehicle History at a Glance

Definition - This section lists any open safety or emission recalls on the vehicle that may need to be fulfilled.

Term - Salvage

Section Location - State Title Brand

Definition - A salvage vehicle is a vehicle that has been wrecked or damaged beyond repair; declared a total loss by the insurer; or declared a total loss by reason of theft. When an insurance company as a result of a total loss settlement acquires a vehicle, the insurance company must apply for a Salvage Certificate. If the owner retains possession of a salvage vehicle, the owner must obtain a Salvage Certificate before receiving a total loss statement from the insurance company.

Term - Major Damage Incident

Section Location - Auction Issue

Definition - When a (i) State agency or third party reported an event that did or may have resulted in vehicle frame or mechanical damage, such as a collision or incident such as vandalism or theft, or (ii) a third party reported that an inspection indicates that a vehicle appears to have sustained frame or other damage. Not all damage events are reported to AutoCheck and the damage severity of reported events will vary. In all events AutoCheck recommends that prospective vehicle purchasers conduct a detailed vehicle inspection prior to purchase of a pre-owned vehicle.

Term - Insurance Total Loss

Section Location - Insurance Loss / Transfer

Definition - Insurance companies label a vehicle a "total loss" when the cost to repair the vehicle to its pre-damaged state exceeds the cost of the vehicle's worth, or actual cash value. Insurance companies must follow certain state law (defined percentage of damage before it can be deemed a total loss) and they also can set their own standards for totaled vehicles.

Term - Insurance Title Transfer

Section Location - Insurance Loss / Transfer

Definition - The vehicle's title has an insurance company as the listed owner. This usually signifies that it is probably an insurance total loss when showing after an accident or collision. Insurance companies label a vehicle a 'total loss' when the cost to repair the vehicle to its pre-damaged state exceeds the cost of the vehicle's worth, or actual cash value. Insurance companies must follow certain state law (defined percentage of damage before it can be deemed a total loss) and they also can set their own standards for totaled vehicles.

Term - Loan/Lien

Section Location - Additional History

Definition - A loan/lien is the legal right to take and hold or sell the vehicle of a debtor as security or payment for a debt. Normally, a vehicle will have a lien due to a loan or unpaid repair bill against the vehicle. Check with the seller to ensure that the lien has been satisfied.

Term - Duplicate Title

Section Location - Additional History

Definition - The vehicle had a duplicate title issued by the DMV.

Term - Fleet Use

Section Location - Owner Type

Definition - The vehicle has been reported as used as a fleet vehicle, by a state source or a wholesale Auto Auction has reported the vehicle as a fleet vehicle. Fleet vehicles are often in good condition. Fleet companies have vehicle care guidelines. A vehicle used by a company for an executive is an example of a fleet vehicle.

Term - Lease Use

Section Location - Owner Type

Definition - Vehicle was registered as lease vehicle.

Term - Accident

Section Location - Accident / Damage

Definition - A state or municipality has reported an accident or collision for this vehicle that may or may not have sustained damage. Not all damage events are reported to AutoCheck and the damage severity of reported events will vary. In all events AutoCheck recommends that prospective vehicle purchasers conduct a detailed vehicle inspection prior to purchase of a pre-owned vehicle.

Term - Open Recall

Section Location - Open Recall Check

Definition - A recall is considered 'open' for a vehicle when it has not received the required service to correct the identified recall. The vehicle will need to be taken to a repair center that has been authorized by the manufacturer to correct any open recall conditions.

AutoCheck Terms and Conditions
This report, and any reliance upon it, is subject to AutoCheck Terms and Conditions. If you obtained the report from a lender/dealer, the lender/dealer has been provided with these Terms and Conditions and can share them with you. These AutoCheck Terms and Conditions are also available at any time at www.autocheck.com/terms or by writing to Experian: Experian Automotive C/O AutoCheck Customer Service 1515 E. Woodfield Road, Suite 500, Schaumburg, IL 60173.

Buyback Protection Terms and Conditions
This vehicle (3FA6P0H74HR235364) does not quailify for AutoCheck Buyback Protection.

About AutoCheck
AutoCheck vehicle history reports by Experian Automotive is the leading vehicle history reporting service. With expert data handling, the Experian Automotive database houses over 4 billion records on a half a billion vehicles. Every AutoCheck vehicle history report will give you confidence when buying or selling your next used vehicle, with superior customer service every step of the way.

Patent Notice
Certain aspects of this vehicle history report may be covered by U.S. Patent 8,005,759.